Everyone knows how to average
Archive for the ‘Climate’ Category.
Here’s the version 1.1: hockeystick1.txt
Some notes:
Updated to Ver 1.1, added cooling trends:
In the previous post, I mentioned that Juckes et al INVR is essentially CCE. In addition, it was noted that CCE is not ML estimator and that Brown82 shows how to really compute confidence region in multivariate calibration problems. As Dr. Juckes made a good job of archiving his results, we can now compare his CCE (S=I) and ML estimator results Brown’s confidence region (with central point as point estimate) .
In calibration problem we have accurately known data values (X) and a responses to those values (Y). Responses are scaled and contaminated by noise (E), but easier to obtain. Given the calibration data (X,Y), we want to estimate new data values (X’) when we observe response Y’. Using Brown’s (Brown 1982) notation, we have a model
(1)
(2)
where sizes of matrices are Y (nXq), E (nXq), B(pXq), Y’ (1Xq), E’ (1Xq), X (nXp) and X’ (pX1). 
is a column vector of ones (nX1). This is a bit less general than Brown’s model (only one response vector for each X’). n is length of the calibration data, q length of the response vector, and p length of the unknown X’. For example, if Y contains proxy responses to global temperature X, p is one and q the number of proxy records.
In the following, it is assumed that columns of E are zero mean, normally distributed vectors. Furthermore, rows of E are uncorrelated. (This assumption would be contradicted by red proxy noise.) The (qXq) covariance matrix of noise is denoted by G. In addition, columns of X are centered and have average sum of squares one.